Water problem in Somalai

    Water is the source of life as mentioned in the holy Quran. People, animals and plants cannot stay alive without water for more than a few days. Therefore, the world’s attention is increasingly focused on water problems. One of the most common problems related to the water is water shortage. It is a global problem that covers all situations where people do not find water to satisfy their needs. In 80 countries health and economies are threatened by the scarcity of water. Water is as important as energy so conflicts among countries for water resources are not uncommon.

Africa is the second driest continent in the world after Australia although there are large bodies of water such as the Nile and Lake Victoria. There are VARIOUS causes including an increasing population. The dramatic increase has led to more demands on the earth and has resulted in more desertification. This has more environmental consequences and is increased by deforestation. Soil erosion and environmental degradation increases when trees are cut down as they control surface runoff. In Somalia this is a major problem and cutting trees has become common for export from Mogadishu, Kismayo and Bosaso (BBC, 2000 and local newspapers). Another cause of water shortage is the lack of investment in water infrastructure and the poor water quality. Climatic change and variability contributes to the problem of water shortage. If there is not more assistance to help keep water clean and to avoid associated problems, there will be certainly a new crisis. Famines will occur due to drought conditions and animal and people die from food shortages. Diseases related to contaminated water also cause fatalities.

In Somalia, water has become a resource worth fighting and dying for. A well is considered as precious as a bank. It is controlled by guards and protected with weapons. The lack of water has affected millions of people across Africa and killed large numbers of livestock, such as cows, goats and even camels. The effects of the drought are most obvious in Somalia. The reason for that is Somalia has almost no effective government and no central planning, since the government of Mohamed Siad Barre collapsed in 1991(Food Security and Nutriton Analysis Unit /January 28, 2011). Since then, a mixture of warlords and their armies have taken control of crops, markets and access to water. The U.N. World Food Program hires heavily armed men to help protect villagers as they pick up their supplies of water. Still, warlords sometimes force women to give up their water or food as they walk back to their villages.

Somalia is facing a severe water shortage following failure of the short rains. The failure of short rain season decreased the water sources for both human and livestock. This leads to crop failure, which made the prices of water and local cereals increase. Although poor rains are a normal part of the climatic seasonal pattern in Somalia, when the people are already dealing with other problems such as conflict, displacement, limited access to basic services and limited opportunities for income, even one poor rainy season is enough to put them into crisis. Also there is an increased malnutrition due to lack of clean water and also the prevalence of diseases such as diarrhea. Staples such as milk are limited when herds migrate to search for water.

Somalia has to stop land war and have to agree in everything to help their country from all problems especially water, because it’s the most affecting on them. Moreover, There are many ways to solve the problem such as inviting all people concerned from different ethnics to sit together and try to identify what are there crucial wants and needs once there wants and needs are identified then it will be easy to solve their problems. Another way is for the Somali people to put their affiliation to the country over tribalism and once that is achieved then the country can move towards the right direction. According to a poll conducted it showed that most of the Somali people think when choosing a leadership it should be based on education rather than tribalism.

Turkey is trying to solve the water problem in Somalia, by supplying them with clear and healthy water, Somali capital under a project of the Turkish Cooperation. ”A Turkish technical delegation will carry out water exploration with geophysical devices. We are planning to dig water well near the tent-city erected by Turkish relief agency, the Red Crescent. We will begin drilling as soon as our equipment arrives," he said. Karakus added, "Average life expectancy is around 45 in Somalia because of severe shortage of food and water. If we can dig water wells, life expectancy can increase." (A.A, Kemal Karakus, Sep26, 2011)

Final project (sources)

• Water Shortage, Drinking Water Crisis Solutions." Water Shortage, Drinking Water Crisis Solutions. N.p., n.d. Web. 17 May 2012. <http://globalwater.org/whywater.htm>.

Welcome banadir.com - where news is always free." Welcome banadir.com - where news is always free. N.p., n.d. Web. 17 May 2012. <http://www.banadir.com>.

section 3

       Nowadays, the role of technology in transportation has developed even more rapidly than in the past all around the world. One of these developments is the new electric car. Electric cars work using batteries, which can be easily recharge and are available readily in New Zealand.  Moreover, global positioning systems are also one of the most useful development technologies in transportation. Public transportation is a service that can take more than one person at once by charging them money, mostly mange by the government. The public can ride these transportation networks by booking or stopping buses in the street. There are many such public transportation services such as airlines, buses, trains and trams.

section(2)

       A timeline can help us figure out the history of transportation and shows its developed through early times, to the Middle Ages and the modern ages from 3500BC to the present .In pre-historic ages man learned to live in groups and traveled extensively in search of food and shelter. This involved walking and swimming .However, gradually man learned to use animals to carry himself as well as his belongings. Use of animals as means of transportation was revolutionized by the invention of the wheel. This can be given the credit for changing the whole concept of traveling. The first movement of wheeled vehicles was in 3500BC in Mesopotamia as carts allowed people to move easily. In the same year, the Egyptians and the Mesopotamians invented river boats using wood or reeds. In 2000BC the Egyptians created a new ship built using panels. Later on, engineers working for Alexander the Great invented submersible crafts in 332 BC.     

During the middle Ages, there was more development. Between 181- 234 Chuko Liang created the wheelbarrow and in the 13^th century the rocket was also invented by the Chinese.    The development of transportation has expanded greatly after the 17^th century.  In 1662 Blaise Pascal invented a bus for public transport and in 1672 the power car was invented by Ferdinard Verbint. In 1801 Richard Trevithick created the first steam train and Lenoir invented a gasoline powered car. In 1903 the airplane was invented by Wright brothers, while helicopters arrived in 1940, invented by Cornu. Then in 1975 Sputrik invented the first satellite and space became accessible.   (Chaitra Suraj Saxena).

sources

                                     

• <http://www.energywise.govt.nz/how-to-be-energy-efficient/travelling-and-vehicles/new-technologies-in-transport>.

 <http://www.support.transport.qld.gov.au

http://www.wikipedia.org

<http://www.people.hofstra.edu/geotrans

http://www.whoi.edu/page.do?pid=9321

http://www.buzzle.com/articles/history-of-transportation.html

<http://inventors.about.com/library/inv

Zayed Awadh

H00234762

CJL

Transportation (section 1)

          Transportation is a kind of means of movement   that was invented for the use of humans for many years to travel and move from one place to another. In this report I will mention the history of transportation, how it developed to the present day.

           The history will describe different types and advantages of transportation. In the past there were no mechanical methods of transportation and humans depended on animals. Humans were moving from one place to another by walking or riding animals, such as horses, donkeys, cows, camels, elephants and lamas.  After that, transportation developed into three sections land, air and sea. One of methods of land transportation that was popular in the past by coach. Moreover, there were bicycles, motor vehicles, trams and buses. Types of air transportation in the past were hot air balloons and planes. Types of sea transportation in the past were sailing ships and ferries. 

There are many advantages of transportation in the past until now. The transportation has had a major effect on the economic, social and political development of mankind. One of the advantages of transportation is helping people to move from one place to another, even if it very far. By modern methods of transportation people can arrive at distant places in less time than before. Secondly, people can receive goods in a shorter time. Also, transportation is usually safer than before as people had to   cross rivers and were attacked by bandits.

Emiratisation

Emiratisation

     In the past the private sector has rejected the idea of the Emiratisation program. Later on the UAE government pressure on the private sector to employ the Emirates graduates or workers in their company. However, the Emiratisation is helping the graduate to find job and developing their skills. The private sector has negative images about Emirates such as lazy, not qualified and not good. The Emirates not given the chance they deserve in private sector. Most Emirates prefer working in government sector. The private sector doing their best to attract the Emirates for working, but they still prefer the government sector.